1993

The idea of the Duke engine is born.

1995

Duke Proof of Concept (POC) build begins

1996

POC runs for the first time.

University of Auckland do kinematic analysis of POC

1998

V1 (996cc) engine tested up to 3500rpm on University of Auckland dyno.

1999

V1 installed in Daihatsu Charade.

2001

V2.1 (933cc) build begins

2003

V2.1 engine tested on University of Auckland dyno.  Tested up to 4500rpm and produced 31kW

2004

V2.2 (933cc) runs at 6500rpm. A 30 hour drive cycle is completed at Auckland University.

2005

V3 (3-litre) build begins

2006

V3 tested on University of Auckland dyno with impressive results.

2007

100Hr drive cycle test on UoA dyno with V3.

V3 tested & benchmarked at Mahle Powertrain (UK)

2008

Improvements to fuel preparation

2009

New “bottom end” design iterations for V3i.

2010

V3 is run on JetA1 at UoA dyno

2011

V3i successfully tested on both petrol and JetA1 at UoA dyno.

Co-development partnership formed with Mahle Powertrain (US)